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Are you searching for front end developer’s job? Don’t have any idea how to prepare for the interview? You should better not worry because this article comes up with twisted and confusing questions that interviewers are more likely to ask you. Here I am discussing all front end developer interview questions that you are more likely to encounter during the interview. These front-end developer interview questions would give you an idea about what employers are expecting you to know.

Read out the whole article to get an idea of what kind of front end developer interview questions the interviewer is more likely to ask.

Front End Developer Interview Questions & Answers

What Do You Think Are The Fundamental Skills Front End Developers Must Have?

An effective front-end developer should have experience in the following languages:

• HTML
• JQuery
• CSS
• JavaScript

Above are some of the basic skills that should be known to be a front-end developer. Other than all the technical skills a front-end developer must have.

• Experience in using any Content Management Systems such as Drupal, Joomla, and WordPress.
• Knowledge about PHP and OOP.
• Cross-browser testing knowledge.
• Knowledge about SEO & tools like Flash and Dreamweaver that are used to present web-based knowledge to end-users.

How Do You Ensure That Your Web Design is user-friendly?

A front-end developer should talk about working together with user-experienced designers to conceptualize and design a webpage that promotes a user-oriented experience, you can test your website with a sample of real customers to guarantee optimal design and promise the web page is optimized for mobile devices also.

What is Clear?

A clear is used when you do not require an element to twist another element, for example, float.

How Do You Make The Structure of CSS and JavaScript Easier to Understand For Other Developers?

Front-end developers have to work on the code that was previously formed by employees or function as a team part. Following are some of the practices that a front-end developer should adopt to make their code understandable for other employees and team members.

• Should use proper comments in the code
• All the code is well-organized
• Avoid using understandable Comments
• Use a consistent naming scheme
• Don’t do Deep Nesting
• Reliable Indentation
• Code Grouping
• DRY Principle
• Limit Line Length

All of the above-mentioned practices would help the fronded developers to make their code more readable and understandable.

What Do You Know About CSS Float?

Float is used when you are required to keep your web page element pushed to the left or right and make all other elements cover around it.

What is The Main Difference Between Prototypal and Class Inheritance?

In JavaScript, inheritance is different from a lot of other development languages. In JavaScript, the object system is based on a prototype, not the class. Objects are only a collection of value pairs and names. As far as inheritance is concerned, there is only one construct in JavaScript: objects. Each object has a private property that comprises a link to another object known as the prototype of that object.

What is CSS Rule?

CSS rules are applied by the web browsers to a file to affect the way it is displayed. A CSS rule is formed from:

1. A set of properties that have values set to inform how to display HTML content.
2. A selector that selects the elements you want to put on to updated values of the property.
3. A CSS rule set within a stylesheet controls the display of a webpage.

What is Sass?

Syntactically Awesome Stylesheets also known as Sass is a CSS preprocessor that elegance and adds power to the basic language. It lets you use nested rules, variables, inline imports, mixins, etc. The syntax should be compatible with CSS. Sass supports organizing the large stylesheets and keeps the small stylesheets up and running.

The CSS preprocessor is also a scripting language that widens CSS by permitting the developers to use one language to write code and then accumulate it in the CSS.

What’s the difference between “normalizing” and “resetting” CSS? Which one you would choose?

• Normalizing — conserves valuable default styles before “unstyling” everything. It fixes the errors and bugs for common browser needs.
• Resetting — is intended to strip the styling of the default browser on elements. For instance, paddings, margins, and font sizes of elements are rearranged to be the same. For common typographic elements, you have to redeclare the styling.

It is a nice idea to select resetting when you have a very unconventional or customized website design that I want to do my designing, there is no need for any default styling to be well-maintained.

Explain HTML Meta Tags

• Meta tags are passed as pairs of value/name
• Meta tags can comprise data about character description, encoding, document title, etc,
• Meta tags go inside the HTML page’s head tag 
• Meta tags are not shown on the page but it is to be displayed on the browser

What is The Difference Between div and span?

• span is an inline element
• div is a block element

For bonus points, it is illegal to put a block element in an inline element, and though div can have a p tag, and a p tag can have a width, for span, it is not possible to have a p or div tag inside.

What is ReactJS?

ReactJS is an open-source front-end JavaScript library that is primarily used for creating user interfaces specifically for one-page applications. It is also used for managing the view layer for mobile and web apps. React was formed by a software engineer named Jordan Walke, who worked for Facebook. In 2011, ReactJS was organized on the newsfeed of Facebook, and in 2012, on Instagram.

What Are The Benefits of REST Web Services?

Following are some of the benefits of REST web services:

• The learning curve is easy as it functions on the HTTP protocol
• No contract clears between client and server, so roughly coupled application.
• REST approaches can be easily tested on the browser.
• It also supports numerous technologies for data transfer, for example, XML, text, image, JSON, etc.
• It is a lightweight protocol

What Is Load Balancing?

Load balancing is a very easy method for allocating capacities across numerous clusters or machines. The most simple and common algorithm of load balancing is called Round Robin. In this type of load balancing the request is divided in circular order ensuring all machines get an equal number of requests and no single machine is overloaded or underloaded.

What is Meant by SOLID? Explain its Principles

S.O.L.I.D stands for the first five principles of object-oriented design by Robert C. Martin.

• S – Single-responsibility principle. A class must have only one purpose to change, it means that each class should have just one responsibility.
• O – Open-closed principle. entities or Objects must be open for extension but should be closed for adjustment.
• L – Liskov substitution principle. Allow the q(x) to be provable about x objects of T type. Then q(y) must be verifiable for type S objects of y, where S is said to be a subtype of T.
• I – Interface segregation principle. A customer must never be forced to apply an interface that it does not use or the customers must not enforce it based on methods they are not using.
• D – Dependency Inversion Principle. Entities should be based on abstractions, rather than concretions. It states that the high-level unit should not be based on the low-level module, but it must be based on abstractions.

Name Some Basic Elements of Design

• LINE – The linear marks created with a brush or pen or the edge formed when two shapes encounter.
• DIRECTION – every line has a direction –Oblique, Horizontal, or Vertical. Horizontal recommends stability, tranquillity, and calmness. Vertical offers a feeling of, alertness formality, and balance. Oblique gives action and movement
• TEXTURE – Texture is the surface shape quality– soft hard glossy, smooth, rough, etc.
• SHAPE – A shape is a self-contained well-defined geometric area (circles and squares), or organic (natural shapes or free-formed shapes). A negative shape is automatically made by a positive shape.
• SIZE – Size is just the connection of the area occupied by one shape to another.
• COLOUR – Color is light objects that reflect off. There are three main characteristics of colour, type or its name (red, blue, green, etc.), value (dark or light), and intensity (dull or bright).

What is user-centered design?

User-centered design is said to be an iterative design procedure that allows the designers to focus on the customers and their requirements in each design process phase. The user-centered design calls for linking users in the design process through a variability of design and research methods to make highly accessible and usable products.

User-centered design requires that designers use a combination of investigative (interviews and surveys) and generative (such as brainstorming) ways and instruments to build an understanding of user requirements.

What is ClickJacking?

ClickJacking is a security attack in which the user is fooled into clicking on something while they think they are clicking on something else. The attack is most happening by the HTML frames.

It is also known as the user interface redressing. It makes the user think that they are using a normal user interface on the web page, but actually, there is an unseen user interface in control; you can say that the user interface has been redressed. When users click something, thinking it is secure and safe, the hidden user interface performs another action.

Tell Me When And Why Should I Use Webpack

While making a complex Front-End application with a lot of non-code static possessions, for example, fonts, images, CSS, etc, then yes, you should use Webpack as it has a lot of great benefits.

If your application is very small and does not have a lot of static resources and you are just required to build one file of JavaScript to assist the customers, then Webpack should be more overhead than required.

Why Should We Use jQuery?

jQuery is a good option to choose because of the enormous benefits it holds.

• It is easy to learn and use.
• Cross-browser support (FF 1.5+, IE 6.0+, Opera 9.0+, Safari 2.0+)
• A large pool of built-in approaches.
• Methods for applying or changing CSS, and creating simulations.
• Loads of plug-ins for all types of requirements.
• Easily expandable.
• Easy to use for traversal and DOM manipulation.
• AJAX Capabilities.
• Event handling and detection

Tell Me Some Benefits of Coffee Script Over JavaScript

Some of the major benefits of Coffee Script over JavaScript are as follows:

• CoffeeScript has many lightweight add-ons such as Python style list comprehension and Ruby string Interpolation.
• It makes the code of JavaScript more legible.
• It allows you to express the program in a shorter code.
• Using this you can make your everyday tasks easier to execute with CoffeeScript as compared with JavaScript.

Explain How Variables Differ in CoffeeScript From JavaScript

For variables, you have to use a semi-colon at the end to execute it in JavaScript. There is no requirement to add a semi-colon at the end of the statement in CoffeeScript.

Why HTML DOCTYPE is important?

DOCTYPE is like an instruction to web browsers concerning which markup language version the page is written. The declaration of DOCTYPE should be the first thing in a document of HTML, before the <html> tag. The declaration of doctype points to a Document Type Definition. It offers rules for the markup language, so it allows the browser to understand the content properly.

Tell Me About a Callback Function

We can read JavaScript line by line. It can also result in a successive code line being performed before an earlier code line. A callback function prevents this situation since it is not called until the preceding code line has been completely performed.

Why Should We Suggest JavaScript Or External CSS Versus Inline?

JavaScript or Inline CSS has a bad influence on the performance of the website.

When you use inline scripts, your HTML code will weigh higher, while external scripts decrease the size of the HTML file which helps to fast webpage interpretation.

The code of HTML will not be cached on inline scripts. In other words, external needs, for example, JavaScript and CSS files, would be cached by the web browser visitor. Therefore, it decreases requests for https whenever the user clicks via web pages.

It is also difficult to maintain JavaScript and Inline CSS code. Where it is preferable to use code in one central location rather than changing the same code snippets to spread all the files on a website.

Tell Me About Cors and How Does It Work?

Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) lets numerous resources (for example, JavaScript, fonts, etc.) on a web page be demanded from another domain name from which the resource was initiated. It is said to be an instrument supported in HTML5 that controls the access of XMLHttpRequest to a different domain.

New HTTP headers are also added by CORS that offer access to allowed domains. For HTTP approaches except GET (or POST with some types of MIME), the requirement orders that browsers should use the HTTP OPTIONS request header to petition a list of supported approaches from the server. A real request can be submitted. Servers can inform customers whether “credentials” (including HTTP and Cookies Verification data) must be shown with requests.

Why Do We Use the W3C Standard Code?

The goals of the W3C Standard Code are to guarantee cross-platform compatibility and compact sizes of files. These standards focus on separating “formatting ” from “content ” by applying CSS. It makes development and maintenance easier.

How To Optimize The Page Through Front-end Technology or Code?

Following are some of the best practices of front-end technology that allow you to optimize the web page.

• Improve overall server response by dropping per-page resource usage
• Combine all external documents of JavaScript into one document
• Eliminate block-level JavaScript and use asynchronous JavaScript
• Optimize the image and use the correct image format. Use the design pattern of lazy loading for images with large size.
• Don’t use plugins to improve the overall functionality.
• Prioritize noticeable content.
• Combine external files of CSS into a single file
• Use responsive design rather than making redirects based on device
• Use Minify JavaScript and stylesheet version.
• Use CSS best practices and arrange viewport.
• Load script in footer and style-sheets in the header.

What is The Difference Between Block, Inline, Box-sizing, and Inline-block?

• Block displays as an element of block, such as <p> or <div>.
• Inline is the default. <span> is an example of an inline element.
• Box-sizing expresses browser sizing properties.
• Inline-block shows an element as a container of the inline-level block.

Tell Me What Do You Know What is a Closure?

Closures are usually functions, expressions that can function with a set of variables within a specific context. To make it easier, inner functions concerning the local variables of the outer function generate closures.

On a <script> tag, What Are async and Defer Attributes?

If no attribute is present, the script is synchronously downloaded and executed and will stop analyzing the document until it has done execution of the (default behavior). Scripts are executed and downloaded in the same order they come across.

The script is downloaded by the defer attribute whereas the file is still analyzing and waits until the file has done parsing before execution, equal to executing in a DOMContentLoaded event auditor. The scripts of deferring will be executed in order.

The script is downloaded in the async attribute during document parsing but the parser will pause for script execution before it has completely done parsing. The async scripts will not automatically execute in order.

What is JavaScript Scope?

In JavaScript, every function has its scope. The scope is said to be a variables collection and also the principles of how to access the variables by name. The scoped variables of the functions can only be accessed by the function’s code.

Within the same scope, each variable name should be unique. We can also nest one scope inside another scope. In this case, the code of the innermost scope has access to the variables from another scope.

If Node.js is single-threaded, How Does it Manage The Concurrency?

Node offers one thread to programmers that can allow them to write the code easily without any bottleneck. Node inside uses numerous POSIX threads for numerous input and output operations, for example, Network calls, DNS, File, etc.

Once the Node gets an input and output request it uses or makes a thread to achieve that input and output operation and when the operation is completed, it shoves the outcome to the event queue. In doing so, the event loop executes and checks the queue and if the Node’s execution stack is empty formerly it adds the outcome of the queue to execute the stack. In this way, the concurrency is managed in the Node. S, it can be said that the front-end developer should have good experience in HTML, CSS, and JQuery. A front end developer needs to know about OPP and PHP. Web pages should be conceptualized based on user experience. Front-end developers should discuss the use of code organization and comment. CoffeeScript allows you to express programs with a shorter code than JavaScrip.

All of the above questions are the most frequently asked interview questions for front-end developers. In this article, I have mentioned UI interview questions, java UI interview questions, and web development interview questions and answers that can help you in preparation for the interview.